A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Metaphor as structuremapping northwestern scholars. The relational shift dedre gentner university of illinois at urbanachampaign gentner, dedre. This paper describes extensions to structure mapping engine since its inception in 1986 that have increased its scope of operation. A perspective from psychology and artificial intelligence. Janice skorstad, brian falkenhainer, dedre gentner. Structure mapping in analogy and similarity dedre gentner arthur b. A theory of analogy must describe how the meaning of an analogy is derived from the meanings of its parts. In structure mapping theory smt, a good analogy is one where the relations match well, without regard to what they are relating. Cogsketch also incorporates a computational model of analogy, based on northwestern psychology professor dedre gentner s structure mapping theory. In the structure mapplng theory, the interpretation rules ore characterized os implicit rules for mapping knowledge about a base domain into a torget domain. Metaphor as structuremapping chapter 6 the cambridge. Their combined citations are counted only for the first.
Markman analogyandsimilarity are oftenassumedto bedistinct psychologicalprocesses. Dedre gentner a theory of analogy must describe how the meaning of on analogy is derived from the meonings of its parts. This computational model of analogy is based on the structure mapping theory of northwestern psychology professor dedre gentner. Sme has been built to explore gentners structuremapping theory of analogy. The relational shift dedre gentner university of illinois at urbanachampaign january 1990 university of illinois at urbanachampaign 51 gerty drive champaign, illinois 61820 the work upon which this publication was based was supported in part by the. The structuremapping engine request pdf researchgate. In the structuremapping theory, the interpretation rules are characterized as implicit rules for mapping knowledge about. Structuremapping engine sme, a cognitive simulation program for studying human analogical processing. The basic idea of gentner s structure mapping theory is that an analogy is a mapping of knowledge from one domain the base into another the target which conveys that a system of relations which holds among the base objects also holds among the target objects. Structuremapping theory is a theory of analogical reasoning, developed by dedre gentner, and for which she was awarded the 2016 david e. In this article, theauthors first describe the structure mapping.
In artificial intelligence and cognitive science, the structure mapping engine is an implementation in software of an algorithm for analogical matching based on the psychological theory of dedre gentner 1983. Her work on structure mapping theory was foundational for the development of the structure mapping engine by ken forbus. The structure mapping engine is a mechanism intended to implement ideas pertaining to gentner s structure mapping theory of analogy. Analogical processes in language learning dedre gentner. Finally, we compare sme to other analogy programs and discuss several. The implications of the proposed embodied smt model are then discussed and.
Dedre centners research is perhaps the bestknown work in cognitive. A theory of analogy must describe how the meaning of on analogy is derived from the meonings of its parts. Citeseerx search results intermedia a case study of. If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice.
She is a leading researcher in the study of analogical reasoning. Sme has been built to explore gentners structuremapping theory of analogy, and provides a tool kit for constructing matching algorithms consistent with this theory. Sme is based on gentners structuremapping theory of analogy, and provides a. Reasoning and learning by analogy introduction dedre gentner keith j. In artificial intelligence and cognitive science, the structure mapping engine sme is an implementation in software of an algorithm for analogical matching based on the psychological theory of dedre gentner. In particular, it is proposed that children can understand metaphors based on shared object attributes before those based on shared relational. The deeper the structure of the relation high order relations the more promising the analogy is. Called the structuremapping engine sme, the new model is capable of.
Sme has been built to explore gentners structuremapping theory of analogy, and. Sme is already being used in educational software, providing. Sme has been built to explore gentners structuremapping theory of analogy, and provides a tool kit for constructing matching algorithms consistent with. Structure mapping and relational language support childrens learning of relational categories. Rumelhart prize for contributions to the theoretical foundations of human cognition. Analogical processes in language learning show all authors. The theory underlying the model is psychologist dedre gentners structuremapping theory of analogy and similarity, which has been used to explain and predict many psychology phenomena. Dedre gentner, department of psychology, 2029 sheridan road, evanston, il 60208. The history of work on analogy in modern cognitive science is sketched, focusing on contributions from cognitive psy. Thus, in structure mapping, initial processing is symmetrical but later processing is directional. The basis of gentners structuremapping idea is that an analogy is a mapping of knowledge from one domain the base into another the target.
This paper compares the performance of the structure mapping engine sme, a cognitive simulation of analogy, with two aspects of human performance. Forbus, dedre gentner artificial intelligence, 1989 this paper describes the structure mapping engine sme, a program for studying analogical processing. The theory underlying the model is psychologist dedre gentner s structure mapping theory of analogy and similarity, which has been used to. Dedre gentner is an american cognitive and developmental psychologist. The theory underlying the model is psychologist dedre gentners structuremapping theory of analogy and similarity, which has been used to. Analogy in learning and reasoning dedre gentner northwestern university supported by onr cognitive science program, award n00014921098. The goal of this research is to clarify the development of metaphor by using structure mapping theory to make distinctions among kinds of metaphors. Incontrastto thisposition, the authors suggestthat bothsimilarity andanalogyinvolve aprocess ofstructural alignment andmapping, that is, that similarity is like analogy. New artificial intelligence robots to mimic human cognition. In the structure mapping theory, the interpretation rules are characterized as implicit rules for mapping knowledge about a base domain into a target domain. We end with a discussion of the role of structure mapping in other cognitive processes. The basis of gentners structuremapping idea is that an analogy is a. The basis of gentner s structure mapping idea is that an analogy is a mapping of knowledge from one domain the base into another the target. The basis of gentners structure mapping idea is that an analogy is a.
The blended view of structure mapping and embodied cognition offers an insight into the processes through which the target domain of a metaphor is embodied or realised in terms of its base domain. Evidence for a structure mapping theory of analogy and metaphor dedre gentner department of psychology university of illinois 603 east daniel street champaign, illinois 61820 this research was supported by the department of the navy, office of naval research under contract no. Structuremapping engine enables computers to reason and learn. In particular, it is proposed that children can understand metaphors based on shared object attributes before those based on shared relational structure. This paper describes the structuremapping engine sme, a program for studying analogical processing. According to structure mapping theory, the process of comparison is one of alignment and mapping between representational structures. Sme has been built to explore gentner s structure mapping theory of analogy, and provides a tool kit for constructing matching algorithms consistent with. Structuremapping engine enables computers to reason and. The implications of the proposed embodied smt model are then discussed and future topics of investigation are outlined. Pdf structure mapping in the comparison process researchgate. Gentner has contributed in developing a sophisticated model of analogy use the manner by which new situations are dealt with through adaptation based on previous experiences or similar situation that transpired in the past. Structure mapping and relational language support children. Sme has been built to explore gentners structuremapping theory of analogy, and provides a tool kit for.
Holyoak analogy is a powerful cognitive mechanism that people use to make inferences and learn new abstractions. A theoretical framework for analogy dedre gentner bolt beranek and newman inc. In contrast to this position, the authors suggest that both similarity and analogy involve a process of structural alignment and mapping, that is, that similarity is like analogy. This paper describes the structuremapping engine sme, a cognitive simulation program for studying. Markman analogy and similarity are often assumed to be distinct psychological processes. Dedre gentner psychology department abstract this paper describes the structuremapping engine sme, a program for studying analogical processing. The basic idea of gentners structuremapping theory is that an analogy is a mapping of knowledge from one domain the base into another the target which conveys that a system of relations which holds among the base objects also holds among the target objects. In artificial intelligence and cognitive science, the structure mapping engine is an implementation in software of an algorithm for analogical matching based on the psychological theory of dedre gentner. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. The goal of this research is to clarify the development of metaphor by using structure mapping theory to make distinctions among. Two important features of the theory are a the rules depend only on syntactic properties of the knowledge representation, and not. The wellestablished analogical reasoning theory by cognitive scientist dedre gentner that people prefer to transfer relational structure from a known or relatively familiar domain to a relatively unfamiliar domain when the two share the same, dense relational structure deep systematicity. She is the alice gabriel twight professor of psychology at northwestern university.
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